{"id":2959,"date":"2026-02-24T08:49:53","date_gmt":"2026-02-24T07:49:53","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/maxperfect.gifts\/?post_type=product&p=2959"},"modified":"2026-03-11T06:56:31","modified_gmt":"2026-03-11T05:56:31","slug":"giovanni-antonio-scopoli-o-idrijskem-zivem-srebru-de-hydrargyro-idriensi","status":"publish","type":"product","link":"https:\/\/maxperfect.gifts\/en\/izdelek\/giovanni-antonio-scopoli-o-idrijskem-zivem-srebru-de-hydrargyro-idriensi\/","title":{"rendered":"Giovanni Antonio Scopoli – O idrijskem \u017eivem srebru (De Hydrargyro Idriensi)"},"content":{"rendered":"

Giovanni Antonio Scopoli – O idrijskem \u017eivem srebru (De Hydrargyro Idriensi)<\/h3>\n

V PRIPRAVI. IZID – pomlad 2023
\n<\/strong><\/p>\n

Prevod prvega znanstvenega dela o Idrijskem rudniku in obenem temeljnega dela o medicini dela na Kranjskem.<\/strong><\/p>\n

Giovanni Antonio Scopoli (1723-1788), doma iz Ju\u017ene Tirolske, je bil prvi naravoslovec, ki je podrobno in sistemati\u010dno prou\u010deval naravo Slovenije. Scopoli je v pozabljivem slovenskem spominu znan predvsem kot botanik. V resnici pa je bil naravoslovni polihistor. Ni bil samo utemeljitelj slovenske botanike, entomologije in medicine dela, pa\u010d pa tudi mineralogije in geologije na splo\u0161no.<\/p>\n

V senci drugih Scopolijevih temeljnih naravoslovnih del je ostala Scopolijeva knji\u017eica razprav De Hydrargyro Idriensi. Tentamina Physico-Chimico-Medica, natisnjena leta 1761 Benetkah (latinski ponatis 1771, nem\u0161ki prevod 1786). Knji\u017eica vsebuje tri razprave v latin\u0161\u010dini. Prvi dve sta posve\u010deni idrijskim ‘zemeljskim produktom’ in sicer \u017eivosrebrovim rudam in \u017eivemu srebru, druga mineralu epsomitu (vitriol), tretja pa merkurializmu, torej zastrupitvam idrijskih rudarjev z hlapi \u017eivega srebra. Obe naravoslovni razpravi je prevedel Karl Meidinger v nem\u0161\u010dino in natisnjeni sta bili v skupni knji\u017eici leta 1786. Tretja, o merkurializmu, je \u0161e danes dostopna le v latin\u0161\u010dini. Strokovnjaki so si edini, da je Scopolijeva razpravo o merkurializmu temeljno delo o medicini dela na Kranjskem.<\/p>\n

Njegov pristop k raziskavi idrijskih ‘ zemeljskih produktov’ je obrazlo\u017eil na za\u010detku prve razprave. Takole pravi: Tudi v knjigah naletimo na \u010dude\u017ena in ve\u010dinoma puhla poro\u010dila o \u017eivosrebrovi rudi, ki jim nisem hotel verjeti, dokler nisem na\u0161el prilo\u017enost, da sem z lastnimi opazovanji lahko natanko preveril njihovo resni\u010dnost. Kajti v naravoslovju se mi zdi najbolj\u0161i postopek, ki z njim brez hipotez in varljive pomo\u010di knjig, raziskujemo lastnosti stvari z lastnimi o\u010dmi, tako kakor da o njih \u0161e nih\u010de ni ni\u010d napisal (prevod J. Pfeifer, 1989).<\/p>\n

V prvi razpravi posve\u010deni \u017eivosrebrovim rudam Scopoli v uvodnem delu najprej omenja kamninsko zgradbo povr\u0161ine nad rudi\u0161\u010dem, nato nameni nekaj besed poteku ‘rudne \u017eile’. Sledi podroben opis rud ter podatki, kje in kako nastopajo v idrijski jami. Sledijo opisi in poimenovanje posameznih vrst rud (10 vrst). V nadaljevanju opi\u0161e poskuse z njimi in poda njihovo sestavo. Sledi \u0161e razlaga nastanka \u017eivosrebrovih rud in zaklju\u010dki.<\/p>\n

Prav podobno, vsebinsko logi\u010dno in sistemati\u010dno zgradbo ima tudi mineralo\u0161ka razprava o epsomitu (vitriol). K prvi razpravi je Scopoli dodal \u0161e opis vseh ‘neorudenih’ kamnin, ki jih najdemo v idrijski jami. Raz\u010dlenil jih po takrat modernem Woltersdorfu na zemljaste vrste, kamnine, kristale in zemeljske smole ter jih poimenoval s kratkimi, takrat \u0161e ne povsem uveljavljenimi neopisnimi imeni. Opisi so tako dobri in ‘realni’, da kljub takrat \u0161e zelo \u0161ibkemu petrografskemu vedenju in nedodelanemu poimenovanju, lahko poznavalec idrijskega rudi\u0161\u010da brez te\u017eav ugotovi, katere kamnine je avtor opisal.<\/p>\n

Obe naravoslovni razpravi sta napisani pregledno in jedrnato, brez nabuhlega besedi\u010denja, ki je bilo takrata \u0161e v navadi. Brez pridr\u017ekov lahko zapi\u0161emo, da so Scopolijevi zaklju\u010dki ‘realni’, v nekaterih pogledih \u0161e danes veljavni, predvsem pa izkazujejo izjemno avtorjevo razgledanost. Scopolijevo sodobno visoko mineralo\u0161ko-petrografsko znanje potrjuje evropsko razgledani ‘geolog’, \u0161vedski mineralog in montanist J. J. Ferber (1743-1790). V prvem celovitem opisu idrijskega rudnika, ki je iz\u0161el leta 1774, torej trinajst leto po izidu Scopolijevih razprav, je zapisal, da v svoji razpravi ne bo opisoval ‘…razli\u010dkov rud in drugih mineralov….’ saj jih je \u017ee ‘…prikazal gospod rudarski svetnik Scopoli v svoji razpravi o idrijskem \u017eivem srebru…’ (Ferber, 1774). Scopolijev evropski znanstveni nivo, tudi s podro\u010dja ‘vede o Zamlji’, na odli\u010den na\u010din dokazuje njegovo dopisovanje z Linn\u00e9jem (Soban, 2004). V enem izmed pisem je Linn\u00e9 zapisal: ‘Zdaj sem sli\u0161al, da se trudi\u0161 s svojim delom o MINERALIH (mi\u0161ljeno je delo o mineralih, kamninah in rudah, J. \u010c.); naposled bi si tudi to za kakr\u0161nokoli ceno za\u017eelel, da bi ga skrbno vklju\u010dil v svoje delo, ker vem, da si Ti v tej stroki zelo odlikuje\u0161.’ (Soban, 2004).<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Scopolijevo zdravni\u0161ko delo med rudarji idrijskega rudnika \u017eivega srebra je pomemben, skorajda pionirski prispevek v medicini dela. Klini\u010dni popisi kroni\u010dne zastrupitve z \u017eivim srebrom in poskusi zdravljenja so redkost v njegovem \u010dasu.<\/p>\n

Prav zaradi Scopolija ima medicina dela med specializiranimi vejami medicine na Slovenskem eno najdalj\u0161ih tradicij. Ni naklju\u010dje, da se je \u017ee v za\u010detku 18. stoletja za\u010dela razvijati ravno v Idriji. Idrijski rudnik \u017eivega srebra, ki je za \u0161panskim Almadenom drugi najve\u010dji na svetu, je \u0161tiri stoletja pripadal habsbur\u0161kemu dvoru. Da bi si lastniki zagotovili \u010dim ve\u010dji izkop, so vpeljali zdravstveno in socialno varstvo idrijskih rudarjev veliko prej kot drugod; kroni\u010dne zastrupitve z \u017eivosrebrnimi hlapi so namre\u010d mo\u010dno zmanj\u0161evale delovno storilnost. Scopoli se je pri\u010dujo\u010dem delu temeljito opisal simptomatiko kroni\u010dne zastrupitve z \u017eivim srebrom in se tako uvrstil med zgodnje avtorje del iz medicine dela, higiene in toksikologije.<\/p>\n

(Vir: Zbornik referatov Idrija, avtor Jo\u017ee \u010car)<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Prevod iz latin\u0161\u010dine: mag. Matej Petri\u010d<\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Prvo znanstveno delo o Idrijskem rudniku in temeljno delo o medicini dela na Kranjskem.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"featured_media":2960,"template":"","meta":[],"product_brand":[],"product_cat":[174],"product_tag":[],"class_list":["post-2959","product","type-product","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","product_cat-zalozba","first","instock","taxable","shipping-taxable","purchasable","product-type-simple"],"yoast_head":"\nGiovanni Antonio Scopoli - O idrijskem \u017eivem srebru (De Hydrargyro Idriensi)<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/maxperfect.gifts\/en\/izdelek\/giovanni-antonio-scopoli-o-idrijskem-zivem-srebru-de-hydrargyro-idriensi\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale:alternate\" content=\"sl_SI\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Giovanni Antonio Scopoli - 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